Integrated circuit

Integrated circuit showing memory blocks, logic and input/output pads around the periphery
Microchips with a transparent window, showing the integrated circuit inside. Note the fine silver-colored wires that connect the integrated circuit to the pins of the package.A monolithic integrated circuit (also known as IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.

A hybrid integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit constructed of individual semiconductor devices, as well as passive components, bonded to a substrate or circuit board.

This article is about monolithic integrated circuits.

Introduction
Integrated circuits were made possible by experimental discoveries which showed that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes, and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. The integrated circuit's mass production capability, reliability, and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized ICs in place of designs using discrete transistors.

There are two main advantages of ICs over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography and not constructed a transistor at a time. Performance is high since the components switch quickly and consume little power, because the components are small and close together. As of 2006, chip areas range from a few square mm to around 350 mm2, with up to 1 million transistors per mm2.

Theism and Deism of God:

Theism holds that God exists practically, objectively, and separately of human thought; that God created and sustains the whole lot; that God is all-powerful and eternal, and is personal, interested and answers wish or prayer. It holds that God is both inspiring and immanent; thus, God is all together endless and in some way present in the affairs of the world. Catholic theology holds that God is noticeably simple and is not against your will subject to time. Most theists hold that God is supreme, omniscient, and benevolent, although this belief raises questions about God's responsibility for evil and suffering in the world. Some theists ascribe to God a self-conscious or determined limiting of all-powerfulness, omniscience, or benevolence. Open Theism, by compare, asserts that, due to the nature of time, God's omniscience does not signify the deity can predict the future. "Theism" is sometimes used to refer generally to any belief in a god or gods, i.e., monotheism or polytheism.

Deism holds that God is completely transcendent: God exists, but does not intercede in the world beyond what was essential to create it. In this view, God is not anthropomorphic, and does not factually answer prayers or cause miracles to happen. Common in Deism is a faith that God has no interest in humanity and may not even be conscious of humanity.

microcomputer

A microcomputer is mainly often taken to mean a computer with a microprocessor (µP) as its CPU. Another general characteristic of these computers is that they take up physically small amounts of space.Desktop computers, video game consoles, laptop computers, tablet PCs, and a lot of handheld devices may all be considered examples of microcomputers.Most microcomputers serve only a single user at a time, but some, in the form of PCs and workstations running e.g. a UNIX(-like) operating system, may cater to a number of users concurrently. The µP does the majority of the job of calculating on and manipulating data that all computers do.